Vanadium (V)
Vanadium (an armor. Vanadium) is a chemical element of V group of periodic system of elements of D.I.Mendeleyev. It has atomic number 23, nuclear weight 50,9415. Pure vanadium is a malleable firm metal of silver-gray color. Its density of 6,11 g/cm3 that allows to drag it over to heavy metals. Fusion temperature is 1920 °C.
Vanadium has been opened by the Swedish chemist Sefstrom in 1830.
Vanadium is an important element in alloys corrosion-proof steels.
Chemical vanadium structure
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Chemical compound of Vanadium
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V
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Fe-0,06. Si-0,15. Ai-0,1. C-0,02. N-0,01. O-0,02. H-0,001
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It is disseminated in earth crust, often accompanies iron (iron ores are an important industrial source of vanadium). An alloying component of constructional steels and the alloys applied in the aviation and space technics, sea shipbuilding, a component of superconducting alloys.
Vanadium connections are used in the textile, paint and varnish, glass industry. It is applied to a steel and pig-iron alloying; as a component heat resisting, firm and corrosion-resistant alloys; as a constructional material for nuclear reactors.
Vanadium manufacture: at reception of vanadium in the manufacturing industry from iron ores with its impurity at first a concentrate is prepared in which vanadium maintenance reaches 8-16 %. Further, with the help of oxidizing processing, vanadium is been translated into the higher degree of oxidation +5 and is been separated easily soluble into water vanadat sodium (Na) NaVO3. Under acidification of solution sulfuric acid the deposit which after drying contains more than 90 % of vanadium drops out.
Primary concentrate is been restored in blast furnaces and gained a concentrate of vanadium which is been further used in melting of an alloy of vanadium and iron - so-called ferrovanadium (contains from 35 to 70 % of vanadium). It is possible to prepare metal vanadium restoration of chloride of vanadium by hydrogen (H), calciumthermical restoration of oxides of vanadium, thermal dissociation of VI2 and other methods.
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